Average Useful Life Years Materials, Equipment, Systems -Estimating life expectancies for facilities, systems, equipment, and other physical structures is important for efficient condition and capital reinvestment management. Life expectancies for new and older systems must be reasonably accurate to plan and manage long term operational and maintenance strategies. As physical conditions change over time, information must be updated on a regular basis, but typically at a minimum of every three (3) to five (5) years to meet established facilities management objectives.
Average Useful Life Years Materials, Equipment, Systems play a key role in capital asset decision-making with respect to initial cost, maintenance, and repair costs and, when appropriate, replacement costs
The physical and functional lifespan of physical objects must be considered jointly and in concert with the mission of the organization to optimize capital reinvestment. For example, the lifespan of a facility can be expanded indefinitely if there were an unlimited source of capital. Based upon construction type, however, there generally comes a time when it becomes more effective to replace a facility. Facilities management professionals therefore must balance current capital resources against physical and functional conditions for all associated physical assets.
Information and factors associated with material, component, and system life expectancies include:
- General Information.
- Scope (including purpose).
- Material/Component.
- Methodology.
- Use Conditions.
- Degradation Agents.
- Critical Properties and Performance Requirements.
- Reference Service Life.
- Data Quality, Reliability, Transparency, and Granularity.
- Maintenance Strategy.
Material / System / Equipment Years
| ABS and PVC Waste Pipe | 50 to 80 |
| Accessible/ADA Handles | 100+ |
| Acoustic Ceiling Tile | 40+ |
| Acrylic Kitchen Sink | 50 |
| Adjustable Steel Columns | 50+ |
| Air Conditioner (central) | 7 to 15 |
| Air Conditioner (window) | 5 to 7 |
| Air Exchanger | 15 |
| All Wood Floors | 100+ |
| Aluminum Coating | 3 to 7 |
| Aluminum Gutters, Downspouts, Soffit and | 20 to 40+ |
| Aluminum Siding | 25 to 40+ |
| American Red Clay | 100+ |
| Arc-Fault Circuit Interrupters (AFCIs) | 30 |
| Asbestos Shingle | 100 |
| Asphalt (architectural) | 30 |
| Asphalt Driveway | 15 to 20 |
| Asphalt Shingles (3-tab) | 20 |
| Attic Fan | 15 to 25 |
| Attic Stairs (pull-down) | 50 |
| Bare Copper | 100+ |
| Barometric Backdraft Damper/Fresh-Air | 20 |
| Baseboard Waterproofing System | 50 |
| Bathroom Cabinets | 50+ |
| Batts/Rolls | 100+ |
| Bituminous-Coating Waterproofing | 10 |
| Black Paper (felt paper) | 15 to 30 |
| Black Paper (felt paper) | 15 to 30 |
| Boiler | 40 |
| Brick | 100+ |
| Brick and Concrete Patio | 15 to 25 |
| Built-In Audio | 20 |
| Bulbs (compact fluorescent) | 8,000 to 10,000+ hours |
| Bulbs (halogen) | 4,000 to 8,000+ hours |
| Bulbs (incandescent) | 1,000 to 2,000+ hours |
| Bulbs (LED) | 30,000 to 50,000+ hours |
| Burner | 10+ |
| Carbon Monoxide Detectors* | 5 |
| Cast-Iron Bathtub | 100 |
| Cast-Iron Waste Pipe (above ground) | 60 |
| Cast-Iron Waste Pipe (below ground) | 50 to 60 |
| Caulking | 5 to 10 |
| Caulking (interior & exterior) 5 | 5 to 10 |
| Ceiling Fan | 5 to 10 |
| Cellulose | 100+ |
| Cellulose | 100+ |
| Cementitious | 100+ |
| Central Vacuum System | 20 |
| Ceramic Tile | 70+ |
| Chimney Cap (concrete) | 100+ |
| Chimney Cap (metal) | 10 to 20 |
| Chimney Cap (mortar) | 15 |
| Chimney Flue Tile | 40 to 120 |
| Clay Paving | 100+ |
| Closet Shelves | 100+ |
| Communications Installations / Controls | 15 |
| Compactor (trash) | 6 |
| Composite Decks | 8 to 15 |
| Concrete | 75+ |
| Concrete Block | 100+ |
| Concrete Walks | 40 to 50 |
| Concrete Waste Pipe | 100+ |
| Condenser | 8 to 20 |
| Construction Glue | 20+ |
| Controllers | 15 |
| Copper Downspouts | 100 |
| Copper Gutters | 50+ |
| Copper Water Lines | 70 |
| Copper-Clad Aluminum | 100+ |
| Copper-Plated | 100+ |
| Cultured Marble | 20 |
| Curtain Wall | 35 |
| Custom Millwork | 100+ |
| Dampers | 20+ |
| Deck Planks | 15 |
| Dehumidifier | 8 |
| Dehumidifier | 8 |
| Diffusers, Grilles and Registers | 25 |
| Dishwasher | 9 |
| Disposal (food waste) | 12 |
| Doorbells | 45 |
| Doors (closet) | 100+ |
| Doors French (interior) | 30 to 50 |
| Doors Sliding Glass | 20 |
| Doors Vinyl (exterior) | 20 |
| Doors Wood (exterior) | 100 + |
| Dryer (clothes) | 13 |
| Dryer vent (plastic) | 5 |
| Dryer vent (steel) | 20 |
| Ducting | 60 to 100 |
| Electric Radiant Heater | 40 |
| Electric Range | 13 to 15 |
| Enameled Steel Kitchen Sink | 5 to 10+ |
| Engineered Joists | 80+ |
| Engineered Wood | 100+ |
| Entertainment Center/Home Office | 10 |
| Epoxy Wall Covering (two part) | 15 |
| Evaporator Cooler | 15 to 25 |
| Exhaust Fans | 10 |
| Fabric Wall Covering | 15 |
| Fasteners (copper) | 65 to 80+ |
| Fasteners (electro-galvanized) | 15 to 45 |
| Fasteners (galvanized) | 10+ |
| Fasteners (hot-dipped galvanized) | 35 to 60 |
| Fasteners (stainless) | 65 to 100+ |
| Fasteners Steel (bright) | 25 to 60 |
| Faucets and Spray Hose | 15 to 20 |
| Fiber Cement | 100+ |
| Fiberglass | 100+ |
| Fiberglass (exterior) | 100+ |
| Fiberglass Bathtub and Shower | 20 |
| Fire-Rated Steel (exterior) | 100+ |
| Fixtures | 40 |
| Flooring Bamboo | 100+ |
| Flooring Brick Pavers | 100+ |
| Flooring Carpet | 8 to 10 |
| Flooring Concrete | 50+ |
| Flooring Engineered Wood | 50+ |
| Flooring Exotic Wood | 100+ |
| Flooring Granite | 100+ |
| Flooring Hardboard | 40 |
| Flooring Laminate | 15 to 25 |
| Flooring Linoleum | 25 |
| Flooring Marble | 100+ |
| Flooring Oriented Strand Board (OSB) | 60 |
| Flooring Other Domestic Wood | 100+ |
| Flooring Particleboard | 60 |
| Flooring Plywood | 100 |
| Flooring Slate | 100 |
| Flooring Softwood | 30 |
| Flooring Terrazzo | 75+ |
| Flooring Tile | 75 to 100 |
| Flooring Underlayment / Substrate | 50 |
| Flooring Vinyl | 25 |
| Foamboard | 100+ |
| Freezer | 10 to 20 |
| Furnace | 15 to 25 |
| Galvanized Steel Gutters/Downspouts | 20 |
| Garage / Laundry Cabinets | 70+ |
| Garage Door Openers | 10 to 15 |
| Garage Doors | 20 to 25 |
| Gas Fireplace | 15 to 25 |
| Gas Lines (black steel) | 75 |
| Gas Lines (flex) | 30 |
| Gas Oven | 10 to 18 |
| Gas Range | 15 to 17 |
| Gravel Walks | 4 to 6 |
| Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCIs) | up to 30 |
| Gypsum | 75 |
| Hand Dryer | 10 to 12 |
| Heat Exchanger | 10 to 15 |
| Heat Pump | 10 to 15 |
| Heat-Recovery Ventilator | 20 |
| Interior Wood Finish Walls | 15 |
| Home Automation System | 5 to 20 |
| Hose Bibs | 20 to 30 |
| Hot-Water and Steam-Radiant Boiler | 40 |
| House wrap | 80+ |
| Humidifier | 12 |
| Induction and Fan-Coil Units | 10 to 15 |
| Instant (on-demand) Water Heater | 10 |
| Insulated Concrete Forms (ICFs) | 100 |
| Intercoms | 20 |
| Kitchen Cabinets | 50 |
| Labeling | 25 |
| Laminate | 20 to 30 |
| Laminated Strand Lumber | 100+ |
| Laminated Veneer Lumber | 80+ |
| Lift and Conveyance Systems | 20 to 50 |
| Lighting Controls | 30+ |
| Lighting Fixtures | 20 |
| Liquid-Applied Membrane | 50 |
| Log | 80 to 200 |
| Loose-Fill | 100+ |
| Loose-Fill | 100+ |
| Manometer | 15 |
| Manufactured Stone | 100+ |
| Mulch | 1 to 2 |
| Natural Stone | 100+ |
| Paint (exterior) | 5 to 10 |
| Paint (interior) | 10 to 15 |
| Permanent Wood Foundation | 75 |
| PEX | 40 |
| Piping | 50+ |
| Plastic Water Lines | 75 |
| Polyvinyl Fencing | 100+ |
| Pool Concrete Shell | 25+ |
| Pool Cover | 7 |
| Pool Diving Board | 10 |
| Post and Pier | 20 to 65 |
| Post and Tensioned Slab on Grade | 100+ |
| Poured-Concrete Footings and Foundation | 100+ |
| Poured-Concrete Systems | 100+ |
| Pre-Built Stairs | 100+ |
| Radon Fan | 5 to 8 |
| Range/Oven Hood | 14 |
| Refrigerator | 9 to 13 |
| Residential Propane Backup Generators | 12 |
| Resin | 10+ |
| Rock Wool | 100+ |
| Roofing Adhesives / Cements | 15+ |
| Roofing BUR (built-up roofing) | 30 |
| Roofing Cellulose Fiber | 20 |
| Roofing Clay/Concrete | 100+ |
| Roofing Coal and Tar | 30 |
| Roofing Copper | 70+ |
| Roofing EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer) Rubber | 15 to 25 |
| Roofing Fiber Cement | 25 |
| Roofing Green (vegetation-covered) | 5 to 40 |
| Roofing Metal | 40 to 80 |
| Roofing Modified Bitumen | 20 |
| Roofing Simulated Slate | 10 to 35 |
| Roofing Slate | 60 to 150 |
| Roofing TPO | 7 to 20 |
| Roofing Wood | 30 |
| Saunas/Steam Room | 15 to 20 |
| Sealants | 8 |
| Security System | 5 to 20 |
| Service Panel | 60 |
| Sewer Grinder Pump | 10 |
| Shower Doors | 20 |
| Shower Enclosure/Module | 50 |
| Showerheads | 100+ |
| Slab on Grade (concrete) | 100 |
| Smoke/Heat Detectors* | less than 10 |
| Soapstone Kitchen Sink | 100+ |
| Solar Panels | 20 to 30 |
| Solar System Batteries | 3 to 12 |
| Sprinkler Heads | 10 to 14 |
| Stains | 3 to 8 |
| Stair Parts | 100+ |
| Stairs | 100+ |
| Steel | 100+ |
| Steel Beams | 200+ |
| Steel Columns | 100+ |
| Steel Plates | 100+ |
| Stone | 100+ |
| Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs) | 100+ |
| Structural Wood Decks | 10 to 30 |
| Stucco/EIFS | 50+ |
| Sump Pump | 7 |
| Suspended Ceiling | 25+ |
| Swamp Cooler | 5 to 15 |
| Thermostats | 35 |
| Tile | 100+ |
| Timber Frame | 100+ |
| Toilet Tank Components | 5 |
| Toilets, Bidets and Urinals | 100+ |
| Trim | 25 |
| Trusses | 100+ |
| Underground PVC Piping | 60+ |
| Valves | 20 |
| Vent Fan (ceiling) | 5 to 10 |
| Ventilator | 7 |
| Vessel Sink (stone, glass, porcelain, copper) | 5 to 20+ |
| Vinyl Gutters and Downspouts | 25+ |
| Vinyl Siding | 60 |
| Vinyl Wall Covering | 10 |
| Wall Finish Interior Paint | 5 |
| Wallpaper | 4 |
| Wall Panels | 100+ |
| Washing Machine | 5 to 15 |
| Water Heater (conventional) | 6 to 12 |
| Water Line (copper) | 50 |
| Water Line (plastic) | 50 |
| Water Softener | 20 |
| Well Pump | 15 |
| Whirlpool Tub | 20 to 50 |
| Wind Turbine Generators | 20 |
| Windows | 30 |
| Wood | 100+ |
| Wood (hollow-core interior) | 20 to 30 |
| Wood (solid-core interior) | 30 to 100+ |
| Wood Chips | 1 to 5 |
| Wood Fencing | 20 |
| Wood Foundation | 5 to 40 |
| Wood Paneling | 20 to 50 |
| Wood/Exterior Shutters | 20 |
| Wrap Tape | 80+ |
System Lifetimes
| System – Level 1 | System – Level 2 | System – Level 3 | System – Level 4 | Average Useful Life Years |
| A. HVAC | 1. Air Conditioners | a. Window Unit | 10 | |
| A. HVAC | 1. Air Conditioners | b. Residential Single or Split Package | 15 | |
| A. HVAC | 1. Air Conditioners | c. Commercial | 10 | |
| A. HVAC | 1. Air Conditioners | d. Water-Cooled Package | 20 | |
| A. HVAC | 1. Air Conditioners | e. Computer Room Unit | 15 | |
| A. HVAC | 2. Air Handling Units | a. Built-Up Heavy Duty | 30 | |
| A. HVAC | 2. Air Handling Units | b. Packaged Medium-Duty | 25 | |
| A. HVAC | 2. Air Handling Units | c. Severe Duty or100% Outside Air | 20 | |
| A. HVAC | 3. Heat Pumps | a. Residential Air-to-Air | 12 | |
| A. HVAC | 3. Heat Pumps | b. Commercial Air-to-Air | 15 | |
| A. HVAC | 3. Heat Pumps | c. Commercial Water-to-Air | 18 | |
| A. HVAC | 4. Roof-Top Air Conditioners | a. Single Zone | 18 | |
| A. HVAC | 4. Roof | b. Multizone | 18 | |
| A. HVAC | 4. Roof | c. VAV | 20 | |
| A. HVAC | 5. Boilers, Hot Water | b. Steel Water-Tube | 30 | |
| A. HVAC | 5. Boilers | c. Steel Fire-Tube | 30 | |
| A. HVAC | 5. Boilers | d. Cast Iron | 30 | |
| A. HVAC | 5. Boilers | e. Electric | 25 | |
| A. HVAC | 5. Boilers | f. Condensing | 15 | |
| A. HVAC | 6. Boilers, Steam | a. Steel Water-Tube | 28 | |
| A. HVAC | 6. Boilers | b. Steel Fire-Tube | 25 | |
| A. HVAC | 6. Boilers | c. Cast Iron | 30 | |
| A. HVAC | 7. Burners | 18 | ||
| A. HVAC | 8. Furnaces | a. Gas Fired | 18 | |
| A. HVAC | 8. Furnaces | b. Oil Fired | 18 | |
| A. HVAC | 8. Furnaces | c. Condensing | 15 | |
| A. HVAC | 9. Unit Heaters | a. Gas | 13 | |
| A. HVAC | 9. Unit Heaters | b. Electric | 15 | |
| A. HVAC | 9. Unit Heaters | c. Hot Water | 20 | |
| A. HVAC | 9. Unit Heaters | d. Steam | 20 | |
| A. HVAC | 10. Heaters | a. Electric Radiant or Convector | 10 | |
| A. HVAC | 10. Heaters | b. Radiant Hot Water | 25 | |
| A. HVAC | 10. Heaters | c. Radiant Gas | 18 | |
| A. HVAC | 10. Heaters | d. Steam or Hot Water Convector, Cast Iron | 50 | |
| A. HVAC | 10. Heaters | e. Steam or Hot Water Fin Tube | 15 | |
| A. HVAC | 11. Air Terminals | a. Diffusers, Grilles, Registers, Heavy Gauge, Coated | 30 | |
| A. HVAC | 11. Air Terminals | b. Diffusers, Grilles, Registers Perforated or Light Gauge | 15 | |
| A. HVAC | 11. Air Terminals | c. Induction Units | 35 | |
| A. HVAC | 11. Air Terminals | d. Fan-Coil Units | 20 | |
| A. HVAC | 11. Air Terminals | e. VAV Boxes Cooling Only | 25 | |
| A. HVAC | 11. Air Terminals | f. CAV Boxes | 25 | |
| A. HVAC | 11. Air Terminals | g. Double Duct Boxes | 25 | |
| A. HVAC | 11. Air Terminals | h. Fan Powered VAV Boxes | 17 | |
| A. HVAC | 12. Air Washers & Humidifiers | a. Spray | 12 | |
| A. HVAC | 12. Air Washers & Humidifiers | b. Steam | 15 | |
| A. HVAC | 12. Air Washers & Humidifiers | c. Pan, Wheel or Wetted Element | 8 | |
| A. HVAC | 13. Ductwork | a. Galvanized Steel, Aluminum and Black Iron | 30 | |
| A. HVAC | 13. Ductwork | b. Fiberglass | 15 | |
| A. HVAC | 13. Ductwork | c. Flexible Round | 10 | |
| A. HVAC | 14. Dampers | a. Operable or Automatic | 20 | |
| A. HVAC | 14. Dampers | b. Fixed (balancing) or Fusible Link (fire) | 30 | |
| A. HVAC | 15. Fans | a. Centrifugal | 25 | |
| A. HVAC | 15. Fans | b. Axial | 20 | |
| A. HVAC | 15. Fans | c. Propeller | 15 | |
| A. HVAC | 15. Fans | d. Ventilating Roof-Mounted, Mild Exhaust | 20 | |
| A. HVAC | 15. Fans | e. Kitchen or Other Soiled Exhaust | 15 | |
| A. HVAC | 16. Coils—Fluid to Air | a. Direct Expansion (refrigerant) | 18 | |
| A. HVAC | 16. Coils—Fluid to Air | b. Water/Steam Heating | 20 | |
| A. HVAC | 16. Coils—Fluid to Air | c. Cooling and Dehumidifying | 12 | |
| A. HVAC | 16. Coils—Fluid to Air | d. Electric | 12 | |
| A. HVAC | 17. Heat Exchangers | a. Commercial—Shell and Tube | i. Steam to Domestic Water | 13 |
| A. HVAC | 17. Heat Exchangers | a. Commercial—Shell and Tube | ii. Steam to Heating Water | 20 |
| A. HVAC | 17. Heat Exchangers | a. Commercial—Shell and Tube | iii. Water to Domestic Water | 15 |
| A. HVAC | 17. Heat Exchangers | a. Commercial—Shell and Tube | iv. Water to Water | 25 |
| A. HVAC | 17. Heat Exchangers | b. Residential Immersion Coil | 25 | |
| A. HVAC | 17. Heat Exchangers | c. Plate and Frame | 25 | |
| A. HVAC | 17. Heat Exchangers | d. Energy Recovery Wheel | 15 | |
| A. HVAC | 17. Heat Exchangers | e. Energy Recovery Water | 12 | |
| A. HVAC | 17. Heat Exchangers | f. Energy Recovery Air to Air | 12 | |
| A. HVAC | 17. Heat Exchangers | g. Energy Recovery Heat Pipe | 20 | |
| A. HVAC | 18. Reciprocating Air Compressors | 15 | ||
| A. HVAC | 19. Package Chillers | a. Reciprocating | 20 | |
| A. HVAC | 19. Package Chillers | b. Centrifugal | 20 | |
| A. HVAC | 19. Package Chillers | c. Absorption | 30 | |
| A. HVAC | 19. Package Chillers | d. Screw | 20 | |
| A. HVAC | 19. Package Chillers | e. Scroll | 15 | |
| A. HVAC | 20. Cooling Towers | a. Galvanized or Coated Steel | 18 | |
| A. HVAC | 20. Cooling Towers | b. Wood | 20 | |
| A. HVAC | 20. Cooling Towers | c. Ceramic | 35 | |
| A. HVAC | 20. Cooling Towers | d. Fiberglass | 35 | |
| A. HVAC | 20. Cooling Towers | e. Stainless Steel | 25 | |
| A. HVAC | 20. Cooling Towers | f. Fill Media | 15 | |
| A. HVAC | 21. Condensers | a. Air-Cooled | 20 | |
| A. HVAC | 21. Condensers | b. Evaporative | 15 | |
| A. HVAC | 22. Insulation (not subject to condensation or leaks) | a. Molded | 20 | |
| A. HVAC | 22. Insulation (not subject to condensation or leaks) | b. Blanket | 25 | |
| A. HVAC | 23. Pumps | a. Base Mounted | 25 | |
| A. HVAC | 23. Pumps | b. In-line | 15 | |
| A. HVAC | 23. Pumps | c. Sump-Submerged | 10 | |
| A. HVAC | 23. Pumps | d. Well-Submerged | 10 | |
| A. HVAC | 23. Pumps | e. Condensate | 15 | |
| A. HVAC | 24. Reciprocating Engines | a. Continuous Service | 5 | |
| A. HVAC | 24. Reciprocating Engines | b. Back-Up Service | 20 | |
| A. HVAC | 25. Steam Turbines | 30 | ||
| A. HVAC | 26. Electric Motors | a. Without Soft Start | 18 | |
| A. HVAC | 26. Electric Motors | b. With Soft Start | 25 | |
| A. HVAC | 27. Motor Starters | a. In Dry Noncorrosive Areas | 25 | |
| A. HVAC | 27. Motor Starters | b. In Wet or Corrosive Areas (cooling towers) | 10 | |
| A. HVAC | 28. Electric Transformers | a. Oil-Filled | 30 | |
| A. HVAC | 28. Electric Transformers | b. Dry Type | 30 | |
| A. HVAC | 29. Controllers | a. Pneumatic | 18 | |
| A. HVAC | 29. Controllers | b. Electric | 20 | |
| A. HVAC | 29. Controllers | c. Electronic | 20 | |
| A. HVAC | 29. Controllers | d. Computer Front End Controls | 15 | |
| A. HVAC | 30. Valve and Damper Actuators | a. Hydraulic | 15 | |
| A. HVAC | 30. Valve and Damper Actuators | b. Pneumatic | 20 | |
| A. HVAC | 30. Valve and Damper Actuators | c. Motorized Electric | 18 | |
| A. HVAC | 30. Valve and Damper Actuators | d. Self-Contained | 10 | |
| B. ELEVATOR/ ESCALATOR | 1. Elevator | a. Hydraulic | i) Underground Cylinder Dry Location | 15 |
| B. ELEVATOR/ ESCALATOR | 1. Elevator | a. Hydraulic | ii) Car and Pump Unit | 35 |
| B. ELEVATOR/ ESCALATOR | 1. Elevator | b. Traction | 50 | |
| B. ELEVATOR/ ESCALATOR | 1. Elevator | c. Geared Traction | 35 | |
| B. ELEVATOR/ ESCALATOR | 1. Elevator | d. Cab Interior Finish | 10 | |
| B. ELEVATOR/ ESCALATOR | 1. Elevator | e. Carpet | 0.5 | |
| B. ELEVATOR/ ESCALATOR | 2. Escalator | a. In Dry Location Not For Mass Transit | 40 | |
| B. ELEVATOR/ ESCALATOR | 2. Escalator | b. In Wet Location or For Mass Transit | 20 | |
| B. ELEVATOR/ ESCALATOR | 3. Controllers | a. Electromechanical Relay Based | 30 | |
| B. ELEVATOR/ ESCALATOR | 3. Controllers | b. Computer Based | 20 | |
| B. ELEVATOR/ ESCALATOR | 4. Elevator Door Operators | a. Passenger | 20 | |
| B. ELEVATOR/ ESCALATOR | 4. Elevator Door Operators | b. Freight or Service Used For Carts | 10 | |
| B. ELEVATOR/ ESCALATOR | 5. Wheelchair and Stairway Chair Lift | 25 | ||
| C. PLUMBING | 1. Water Heaters with Longer Warranties | a. Electric, Normal Use | 15 | |
| C. PLUMBING | 1. Water Heaters with Longer Warranties | b. Electric, Heavy Use or Tankless | 10 | |
| C. PLUMBING | 1. Water Heaters with Longer Warranties | c. Oil Fired | 18 | |
| C. PLUMBING | 1. Water Heaters with Longer Warranties | d. Gas Fired, Normal Use | 15 | |
| C. PLUMBING | 1. Water Heaters with Longer Warranties | e. Gas Fired, Heavy Use or Tankless | 10 | |
| C. PLUMBING | 1. Water Heaters with Longer Warranties | f. Solar Thermal Collectors | 20 | |
| C. PLUMBING | 2. Flush Valves | 12 | ||
| C. PLUMBING | 3. Fixtures: Commercial | a. Faucets | 7 | |
| C. PLUMBING | 3. Fixtures: Commercial | b. Water Closets | 30 | |
| C. PLUMBING | 3. Fixtures: Commercial | c. Urinals | 30 | |
| C. PLUMBING | 3. Fixtures: Commercial | d. Sinks | 30 | |
| C. PLUMBING | 3. Fixtures: Commercial | e. Refrigerated Drinking Fountain | 15 | |
| C. PLUMBING | 4. Pumps | a. Base Mounted | 25 | |
| C. PLUMBING | 4. Pumps | b. In-line | 15 | |
| C. PLUMBING | 4. Pumps | c. Sewage Ejector | 10 | |
| C. PLUMBING | 4. Pumps | d. Sump-Submerged or Pedestal | 10 | |
| C. PLUMBING | 4. Pumps | e. Well-Submerged | 10 | |
| C. PLUMBING | 5. Backflow Prevention | a. Light Duty | 10 | |
| C. PLUMBING | 5. Backflow Prevention | b. Heavy Duty (Main Service) | 30 | |
| C. PLUMBING | 6. Domestic Water Piping Systems | a. Hot and Cold Water (Copper or Plastic) | 30 | |
| C. PLUMBING | 6. Domestic Water Piping Systems | b. Waste Piping (PVC or Cast Iron) | 30 | |
| C. PLUMBING | 6. Domestic Water Piping Systems | c. Kitchen Waste | 20 | |
| C. PLUMBING | 7. Gas Piping Systems | a. Fuel Gas Threaded | 30 | |
| C. PLUMBING | 7. Gas Piping Systems | b. Fuel Gas Welded | 40 | |
| C. PLUMBING | 7. Gas Piping Systems | c. Medical Gas | 40 | |
| C. PLUMBING | 7. Gas Piping Systems | d. Compressed Air | 20 | |
| C. PLUMBING | 8. Water Softeners | 25 | ||
| C. PLUMBING | 9. Compressors and Vacuum Pumps | 15 | ||
| D. ROOFING AND SIDING | 1. 4-Ply Built-Up | a. Asphalt | i. Flat (Dead Level) | 18 |
| D. ROOFING AND SIDING | 1. 4-Ply Built-Up | a. Asphalt | ii. Sloped (1/4 inch per foot) | 25 |
| D. ROOFING AND SIDING | 1. 4-Ply Built-Up | b. Cold-Tar | 35 | |
| D. ROOFING AND SIDING | 1. 4-Ply Built-Up | c. Hot Applied Rubberized Asphalt (Protected Membrane Assembly) | 30 | |
| D. ROOFING AND SIDING | 2. 2-Ply Modified Bitumen (Mopped Down) | a. Flat (Dead Level) | 15 | |
| D. ROOFING AND SIDING | 2. 2-Ply Modified Bitumen (Mopped Down) | b. Sloped (1/4 inch per foot) | 20 | |
| D. ROOFING AND SIDING | 3. Single Ply | a. EPDM | i. Flat (Dead Level) | 15 |
| D. ROOFING AND SIDING | 3. Single Ply | a. EPDM | ii. Sloped (1/4 inch per foot) | 20 |
| D. ROOFING AND SIDING | 3. Single Ply | b. Thermoplastic (Hypalon, PVC) | 20 | |
| D. ROOFING AND SIDING | 3. Single Ply | c. Modified Bitumen (Touched On) | ||
| D. ROOFING AND SIDING | 3. Single Ply | c. Modified Bitumen (Touched On) | i. Flat (Dead Level) | 10 |
| D. ROOFING AND SIDING | 3. Single Ply | c. Modified Bitumen (Touched On) | ii. Sloped (1/4 inch per foot) | |
| D. ROOFING AND SIDING | 4. Metal | a. Structural Roof Panels (Prefinished Galvanized Steel) | 25 | |
| D. ROOFING AND SIDING | 4. Metal | b. Premanufactured Architectural Roof Panels (Prefinished Aluminum or Galvanized Steel) | 25 | |
| D. ROOFING AND SIDING | 4. Metal | c. Custom Fabricated Standing Seam Roofing (Copper, Lead Coated Copper, Terne Coated Stainless Steel) | 75+ | |
| D. ROOFING AND SIDING | 4. Metal | d. Custom Fabricated Flat Seam (Copper, Lead Coated Copper, Terne Coated Stainless Steel) | 50+ | |
| D. ROOFING AND SIDING | 5. Asphalt Shingles | a. 15 Year | 15 | |
| D. ROOFING AND SIDING | 5. Asphalt Shingles | b. 20 Year | 20 | |
| D. ROOFING AND SIDING | 5. Asphalt Shingles | c. 25 Year | 25 | |
| D. ROOFING AND SIDING | 5. Asphalt Shingles | d. 30 Year | 30 | |
| D. ROOFING AND SIDING | 6. Slate | a. S-1 | 100 | |
| D. ROOFING AND SIDING | 6. Slate | b. S-2 | 75 | |
| D. ROOFING AND SIDING | 6. Slate | c. S-3 | 50 | |
| D. ROOFING AND SIDING | 7. Clay/Concrete Tile | 50+ | ||
| D. ROOFING AND SIDING | 8. Spray-On Polyurethane Foam Roofing | 10 | ||
| D. ROOFING AND SIDING | 9. Siding | a. Wood (Painted 7-10 years) | 30 | |
| D. ROOFING AND SIDING | 9. Siding | b. Metal | 30 | |
| D. ROOFING AND SIDING | 9. Siding | c. Vinyl | 30 | |
| D. ROOFING AND SIDING | 9. Siding | d. Masonry | 75 | |
| D. ROOFING AND SIDING | 9. Siding | e. Stone | 100 | |
| E. ELECTRICAL IN DRY, NONCORROSIVE LOCATIONS (EXCEPT FOR EQUIPMENT DESIGNED TO BE OUTDOORS OR IN WET LOCATIONS) | 1. Electric Motors | 18 | ||
| E. ELECTRICAL IN DRY, NONCORROSIVE LOCATIONS (EXCEPT FOR EQUIPMENT DESIGNED TO BE OUTDOORS OR IN WET LOCATIONS) | 2. Electric Transformers | a. Oil-Filled | 30 | |
| E. ELECTRICAL IN DRY, NONCORROSIVE LOCATIONS (EXCEPT FOR EQUIPMENT DESIGNED TO BE OUTDOORS OR IN WET LOCATIONS) | 2. Electric Transformers | b. Dry Type | 30 | |
| E. ELECTRICAL IN DRY, NONCORROSIVE LOCATIONS (EXCEPT FOR EQUIPMENT DESIGNED TO BE OUTDOORS OR IN WET LOCATIONS) | 3. Motor Control Center | 30 | ||
| E. ELECTRICAL IN DRY, NONCORROSIVE LOCATIONS (EXCEPT FOR EQUIPMENT DESIGNED TO BE OUTDOORS OR IN WET LOCATIONS) | 4. Automatic Transfer Switch | 25 | ||
| E. ELECTRICAL IN DRY, NONCORROSIVE LOCATIONS (EXCEPT FOR EQUIPMENT DESIGNED TO BE OUTDOORS OR IN WET LOCATIONS) | 5. Uninterrupted Power Supply | a. Battery | 10 | |
| E. ELECTRICAL IN DRY, NONCORROSIVE LOCATIONS (EXCEPT FOR EQUIPMENT DESIGNED TO BE OUTDOORS OR IN WET LOCATIONS) | 5. Uninterrupted Power Supply | b. Rotary | 15 | |
| E. ELECTRICAL IN DRY, NONCORROSIVE LOCATIONS (EXCEPT FOR EQUIPMENT DESIGNED TO BE OUTDOORS OR IN WET LOCATIONS) | 6. Batteries | 5 | ||
| E. ELECTRICAL IN DRY, NONCORROSIVE LOCATIONS (EXCEPT FOR EQUIPMENT DESIGNED TO BE OUTDOORS OR IN WET LOCATIONS) | 7. Power Panels | a. Light and Power Distribution Panel Boards | 30 | |
| E. ELECTRICAL IN DRY, NONCORROSIVE LOCATIONS (EXCEPT FOR EQUIPMENT DESIGNED TO BE OUTDOORS OR IN WET LOCATIONS) | 7. Power Panels | b. Switchgear and Service Entrance Equipment | 40 | |
| E. ELECTRICAL IN DRY, NONCORROSIVE LOCATIONS (EXCEPT FOR EQUIPMENT DESIGNED TO BE OUTDOORS OR IN WET LOCATIONS) | 8. Circuit Breakers | 30 | ||
| E. ELECTRICAL IN DRY, NONCORROSIVE LOCATIONS (EXCEPT FOR EQUIPMENT DESIGNED TO BE OUTDOORS OR IN WET LOCATIONS) | 9. Light Fixtures | 20 | ||
| E. ELECTRICAL IN DRY, NONCORROSIVE LOCATIONS (EXCEPT FOR EQUIPMENT DESIGNED TO BE OUTDOORS OR IN WET LOCATIONS) | 10. Emergency Engine Generator Set | 20 | ||
| E. ELECTRICAL IN DRY, NONCORROSIVE LOCATIONS (EXCEPT FOR EQUIPMENT DESIGNED TO BE OUTDOORS OR IN WET LOCATIONS) | 11. Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) Switch | 25 | ||
| E. ELECTRICAL IN DRY, NONCORROSIVE LOCATIONS (EXCEPT FOR EQUIPMENT DESIGNED TO BE OUTDOORS OR IN WET LOCATIONS) | 12. Wire and Cable | a. 600 V and below | 40 | |
| E. ELECTRICAL IN DRY, NONCORROSIVE LOCATIONS (EXCEPT FOR EQUIPMENT DESIGNED TO BE OUTDOORS OR IN WET LOCATIONS) | 12. Wire and Cable | b. Above 600 V | 30 | |
| E. ELECTRICAL IN DRY, NONCORROSIVE LOCATIONS (EXCEPT FOR EQUIPMENT DESIGNED TO BE OUTDOORS OR IN WET LOCATIONS) | 13. Solar Photovoltaic Collector Panels | 20 | ||
| E. ELECTRICAL IN DRY, NONCORROSIVE LOCATIONS (EXCEPT FOR EQUIPMENT DESIGNED TO BE OUTDOORS OR IN WET LOCATIONS) | 14. Branch Circuit Wiring and Devices | 30 | ||
| E. ELECTRICAL IN DRY, NONCORROSIVE LOCATIONS (EXCEPT FOR EQUIPMENT DESIGNED TO BE OUTDOORS OR IN WET LOCATIONS) | 15. Lightning Protection | 40 | ||
| F. FIRE/LIFE SAFETY/ SECURITY SYSTEM | 1. Fire Alarm Systems | a. Activation Devices (Pull Station, Smoke Detector, etc.) | 10 | |
| F. FIRE/LIFE SAFETY/ SECURITY SYSTEM | 1. Fire Alarm Systems | b. Notification Devices (AV Horn/Strobe) | 15 | |
| F. FIRE/LIFE SAFETY/ SECURITY SYSTEM | 1. Fire Alarm Systems | c. Control Panels13 | 15 | |
| F. FIRE/LIFE SAFETY/ SECURITY SYSTEM | 1. Fire Alarm Systems | d. Wiring | 30 | |
| F. FIRE/LIFE SAFETY/ SECURITY SYSTEM | 2. Fire Pumps | a. Electric Motor Driven | 25 | |
| F. FIRE/LIFE SAFETY/ SECURITY SYSTEM | 2. Fire Pumps | b. Engine Driven | 20 | |
| F. FIRE/LIFE SAFETY/ SECURITY SYSTEM | 3. Sprinkler Systems | a. Heads | 25 | |
| F. FIRE/LIFE SAFETY/ SECURITY SYSTEM | 3. Sprinkler Systems | b. Piping Systems | 40 | |
| F. FIRE/LIFE SAFETY/ SECURITY SYSTEM | 3. Sprinkler Systems | c. Equipment and Devices (Flow Switch, Dry Pipe Valve, etc.) | 20 | |
| F. FIRE/LIFE SAFETY/ SECURITY SYSTEM | 4. Security Systems | a. Activation Devices (Access Entry, Motion Sensor, etc.) | 10 | |
| F. FIRE/LIFE SAFETY/ SECURITY SYSTEM | 4. Security Systems | b. Notification Devices (Horn, Dialer) | 15 | |
| F. FIRE/LIFE SAFETY/ SECURITY SYSTEM | 4. Security Systems | c. Control Panels | 15 | |
| F. FIRE/LIFE SAFETY/ SECURITY SYSTEM | 5. Closed Circuit TV System | a. Monitors | 53 | |
| F. FIRE/LIFE SAFETY/ SECURITY SYSTEM | 5. Closed Circuit TV System | b. Pan and Tilt Motors | 53 | |
| F. FIRE/LIFE SAFETY/ SECURITY SYSTEM | 5. Closed Circuit TV System | c. Cameras | 65 | |
| F. FIRE/LIFE SAFETY/ SECURITY SYSTEM | 5. Closed Circuit TV System | e. Computer Control | 10 | |
| F. FIRE/LIFE SAFETY/ SECURITY SYSTEM | 6. Standby Power Supply: Battery | 5 | ||
| G. INTERIOR FINISHES | 1. Flooring (Sealed When Porous, Except For Carpet) | a. Vinyl | i. Tile | 12 |
| G. INTERIOR FINISHES | 1. Flooring (Sealed When Porous | a. Vinyl | ii. Sheet | 12 |
| G. INTERIOR FINISHES | 1. Flooring (Sealed When Porous | b. Carpet: Common Area | i. Broad Loom | 5 |
| G. INTERIOR FINISHES | 1. Flooring (Sealed When Porous | b. Carpet: Common Area | ii. Carpet Tiles | 5 |
| G. INTERIOR FINISHES | 1. Flooring (Sealed When Porous | b. Carpet: Common Area | iii. Loop Pile | 15 |
| G. INTERIOR FINISHES | 1. Flooring (Sealed When Porous | c. Epoxy Coating (Two Part) | 10 | |
| G. INTERIOR FINISHES | 1. Flooring (Sealed When Porous | d. Stone | i. Granite | 75+ |
| G. INTERIOR FINISHES | 1. Flooring (Sealed When Porous | d. Stone | ii. Marble | 50 |
| G. INTERIOR FINISHES | 1. Flooring (Sealed When Porous | e. Terrazzo | 50 | |
| G. INTERIOR FINISHES | 1. Flooring (Sealed When Porous | f. Hardwood | (i) Finish | 10 |
| G. INTERIOR FINISHES | 1. Flooring (Sealed When Porous | f. Hardwood | (ii) Substrate | 50 |
| G. INTERIOR FINISHES | 1. Flooring (Sealed When Porous | g. Concrete | 50 | |
| G. INTERIOR FINISHES | 2. Walls | a. Vinyl Wall Covering | 10 | |
| G. INTERIOR FINISHES | 2. Walls | b. Painted | 5 | |
| G. INTERIOR FINISHES | 2. Walls | c. Wall Paper | 4 | |
| G. INTERIOR FINISHES | 2. Walls | d. Epoxy (Two Part) | 15 | |
| G. INTERIOR FINISHES | 2. Walls | e. Fabric | 5 | |
| G. INTERIOR FINISHES | 2. Walls | f. Wood Finishes | 15 | |
| G. INTERIOR FINISHES | 3. Ceilings | a. Plaster/Drywall with Skim Coat | 30 | |
| G. INTERIOR FINISHES | 3. Ceilings | b. Suspended | i. Spline System | 20 |
| G. INTERIOR FINISHES | 3. Ceilings | b. Suspended | ii. Lay-In System | 25 |
| G. INTERIOR FINISHES | 3. Ceilings | b. Suspended | iii. Ceiling Tiles | 13 |
| G. INTERIOR FINISHES | 3. Ceilings | c. Metal | 25 | |
| G. INTERIOR FINISHES | 3. Ceilings | d. Wood | 30 | |
| G. INTERIOR FINISHES | 4. Door Hardware | a. Entry Lock Sets | 7 | |
| G. INTERIOR FINISHES | 4. Door Hardware | b. Closures | 7 | |
| G. INTERIOR FINISHES | 4. Door Hardware | c. Automatic Doors | 5 | |
| H. STRUCTURAL | 1. Steel | Life of Building | ||
| H. STRUCTURAL | 2. Concrete | Life of Building | ||
| H. STRUCTURAL | 3. Wood | Life of Building | ||
| H. STRUCTURAL | 4. Façade | a. Brick, Block and Stone | Life of Building | |
| H. STRUCTURAL | 4. Façade | b. Concrete: Poured in Place | Life of Building | |
| H. STRUCTURAL | 4. Façade | c. Metal Curtain Wall | 50 | |
| H. STRUCTURAL | 4. Façade | d. Glass Curtain Wall | 50 | |
| H. STRUCTURAL | 4. Façade | e. Precast Panels | 35 | |
| H. STRUCTURAL | 4. Façade | f. Stone Veneer | 50 | |
| H. STRUCTURAL | 4. Façade | g. Windows (Operable or Gasketed) | 30 | |
| I. PARKING DECKS/LOTS SURFACE | 1. Underground | Life of Building | ||
| I. PARKING DECKS/LOTS SURFACE | 2. Outside | a. Exposed Paving at Grade or Topmost Level | 30 | |
| I. PARKING DECKS/LOTS SURFACE | 2. Outside | b. Covered Paving (Open at Sides) | 40 |
References (Uncited)
ISO. 2008. ISO 15686-5:2008 Buildings and Constructed
Assets—Service-Life Planning—Part 5: Lifecycle
Costing. Geneva: ISO.
Trinius, W., and Sjöström, C. 2005. “Service Life
Planning and Performance Requirements.” Building
Research & Information 33 (2): 173-81.
ISO. 1997. ISO 14040:1997 Environmental
Management—Life Cycle Assessment—Principles and
Framework. Geneva: ISO.
ISO. 2004. ISO 15686-6:2004 Buildings and Constructed
Assets—Service-Life Planning—Part 6: Procedures for
Considering Environmental Impacts. Geneva: ISO.
Blom, I. S., Itard, L. C. M., and Meijer, A. 2010.
“Environmental Impact of Dwellings.” Buildings and
Environment 45 (11): 2526-38.
Klunder, G., and Van Nunen, H. 2003. “The Factor of
Time in Life Cycle Assessment of Housing.” Open House
International 28: 20-7.
Huffmeijer, F. J. M., Hermans, M. H., and Van Egmond,
H. C. M. 1998. Levensduur van Bouwproducten.
Praktijkwaarden (Service Lives of Building Products in
Use). Rotterdam: SBR (Building Research Institute). (in
Dutch)
ISO. 2000. ISO 15686-1:2000 Buildings and Constructed
Assets—Service-Life Planning—Part 1: General
Principles. Geneva: ISO.
Van Nunen, H. 2010. Assessment of the Sustainability of
Flexible Building. The Improved Factor Method: Service
Life Prediction of Buildings in the Netherlands Applied to
Life Cycle Assessment. Boxtel: Aeneas.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2010.
European Standard (prEN) 15804:2010, Sustainability of
Construction Works—Environmental Product
Declarations—Core Rules for the Product Category of
Construction Products. Brussels: CEN.
ISO. 2001. ISO 15686-2:2001 Buildings and Constructed
Assets—Service-Life Planning—Part 2: Service Life
Prediction Procedures. Geneva: ISO.
Daniotti, B., and Re Cecconi, F. 2010. Test Methods for
Service Life Prediction. Rotterdam: CIB (International
Council for Building).
Shohet, I. M., and Paciuk, M. 2004. “Service Life
Prediction of Exterior Cladding Components under
Standard Conditions.” Construction Management and
Economics 22 (2): 131-48.